Certified translation
A certified translation includes a signed statement from the translator — sometimes called a certification statement or certificate of accuracy — declaring that the translation is complete and accurate to the best of their knowledge and ability. The statement includes the translator's name and qualifications, the language pair, the date, and a signature. No third party is involved.
Certified translations are accepted by many institutions, including USCIS, many courts, and most universities. If you are unsure whether certification alone is sufficient, check the specific requirements of the institution you are submitting to.
Notarized translation
A notarized translation adds a further step to the certified translation process. A notary public witnesses the translator's signature and verifies the translator's identity, then affixes their own signature and seal to confirm this.
It is important to understand what a notary attests to: the notary verifies the identity of the person who signed the document — not the quality or accuracy of the translation itself. The notary is not a language professional and does not assess the translation. Notarization adds an official layer of identity verification, which some institutions require in addition to the translator's own certification.
Sworn translation
The term "sworn translation" (traducción jurada) is used in several Spanish-speaking countries to describe a translation produced by a translator who has been officially authorised or sworn in by a government body. In those jurisdictions, a sworn translator holds a specific legal status, and their translations carry official legal weight.
In English-speaking countries, there is no direct equivalent to the sworn translator role. The closest equivalent is typically a certified translation, sometimes accompanied by notarization. If you are submitting documents to an institution in a Spanish-speaking country that requires a sworn translation, we recommend confirming with that institution whether a certified translation — with or without notarization — will be accepted in place of a local sworn translation.